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Linguistic aspects of translating informal/slang expressions in American TV series subtitles
Vaňková, Marie ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Gráf, Tomáš (referee)
The present study treats the problem of translating American slang and informal vocabulary into Czech. Its aim is to explain why this kind of vocabulary can be difficult to translate and to compare two different approaches to the task. It works with material excerpted from the subtitles of an American TV series, the official and the unofficial version of its translation. The experimental part brings information on the incidence of different types of mistakes and it identifies the main tendencies of the translators in dealing with various problems. The final part characterizes the strategies of individual translators, commenting on their strong and weak points.
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Concept of the four seasons in Czech language
Pevná, Lucie ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The diploma thesis explores the four seasons from the view point of the linguistic picture of the world theory. The etholinguistic approach is applied in the thesis - attention is paid to the Czech-specific perception of reality especially focused on the weather and the changes of the nature in the course of the four seasons. Human perception of the change is based upon the senses - the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and touch and the eyesight. Each season is unique. The seasons can be differentiated by their season specific stereotypes, season prototypes, and connotations. On the linguistic pictures of each season collocations are built, from which new lexical items originate, describing the season as such. Due to anthropocentrism we perceive individual astronomical and meteorological issues as personified items to which we ascribe human behaviour and human qualities. The motto of the thesis says: "I will not do the spring sowing next year. " The motto denotes the interaction of two conceptual schemata (the scheme of a cycle and the scheme of a journey) realizing the fact that the natural cycle corresponds in our mental representation with the phases of human life. The difference between the concepts is that man always reaches the terminal point of his journey unlike the nature constantly...
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Breathing and respiration as the source domain of conceptual metaphors in Czech
Bulak, Patrik ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the semantic sphere of breathing and respiration. It is based on theories and methods of cognitive-cultural approach to language. The first chapter concerns the conceptual metaphor theory, metonymy cognitive concepts and the metaphor combined with metonymy (the metaphtonymy). The next chapter brings examined semantic sphere based on data from interpretation, etymological dictionaries etc. The attention is drawn in particular on metaphor and metonymy, to which the data refer. The third chapter deals with the physical experience of breathing in its entirety (sensory perception of breathing and experiencing of own respiration). There is also outlined, how this experience base is projected into the language. The crucial chapter of the thesis presents the classification of the collected material of language: it shows which target domains are related to source domain of breathing and respiration on the metaphorical expressions excerpted from phraseological dictionaries in the form of idioms. Research has shown that the breathing and respiration in the source domain are used primarily metonymically. Then it is possible to distinguish the metaphors from metonymy (metaphtonymies) and the "pure" metaphors (personifications). Based on the data interpretation there are at the end...
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Opposition "homo - animal" in language. Contribution to the Czech linguistic picture of the world
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to contribute to the research of the Czech language picture of the world. It is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological resources of cognitive and cultural linguistics and focuses on the opposition of "man - animal", or "human - animal", in the Czech language, aiming to illustrate the way in which zooappellatives (animal names) relate to the reality of the human world. The most extensive part of the thesis is based mainly on an analysis of Czech dictionary material (etymological, reference, synonym and phraseological dictionaries), as well as comparing the scientific (biological) classification of animals to the categorization in natural language. In regard to the category ANIMAL, the thesis establishes four basic domains constituting the category's conceptual model (framework): "the place where the animal lives", "physical traits", "the animal's behaviour" and "relation to man". The thesis also includes questionnaire-based research that focuses on analysing the way in which speakers of the Czech language understand the category ANIMAL, and attempts to determine whether they regard some animals as more protypical than others.
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Conceptualization of Music in the Lyrics by Jiří Suchý
Císlerová, Anna ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with conceptualization of music in the lyrics by Jiří Suchý in the context of conceptualization of music in the Czech language. The thesis employs the methods of cognitive linguistics, mainly the linguistic view of the world and the conceptual metaphor theory. The goal of this thesis is to reconstruct the linguistic view of music and to identify conceptual metaphors that are used in the language material. The sources of the language data are firstly monolingual, phraseological and other dictionaries of the Czech language and secondly lyrics by Jiří Suchý. The research has shown that the conceptualizations of music based on the dictionary material occur also in the lyrics. However, the lyrics include more types of conceptualizations than can be found in the data from dictionaries. From this material it is also not possible to define, for example, the connotations of the word blues - the connotations were only found by looking at the lyrics. As the greatest contribution of this thesis we consider the discovery of parallel conceptual metaphors of music and language.
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Czech Toponyms in the Perspective of Cognitive Ethnolinguistics
Marek, Jakub ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Štěpán, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with linguistic stereotypes of cities. Therefore, the object of our interest is onomastic material (oikonyms, ie. own settlement names), which, however, is viewed from the perspective of cognitively and culturally oriented linguistics. The main theory, which the thesis is based on, is J. Bartmiński's theory of stereotype (incl. the so-called. profiling). We have dealt with the names of three Czech cities that currently belong to the administrative unit of the Vysočina Region: Jihlava, Pelhřimov, Pacov. Following the methodology of Polish authors of J. Bartmiński's scope we have analyzed each of them in terms of three areas: language data, text data and empirical data. We found out concrete connotations of these names in Czech language, and on the basis of these findings of ours we have formulated their stereotypes. Besides the formulation of the three selected specific stereotypes, this thesis also presents some general observations about stereotypes of cities. It is esp. a case of a proposal the profiles (ie. general aspects, which are usually used in the process of profiling a stereotype), with which you can work in research on stereotypes of cities in general. Furthermore, this thesis elaborates the methodology of analyzing text data, which should be in the centre of attention...
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Opposition "homo - animal" in language. Contribution to the Czech linguistic picture of the world
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to contribute to the research of the Czech language picture of the world. It is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological resources of cognitive and cultural linguistics and focuses on the opposition of "man - animal", or "human - animal", in the Czech language, aiming to illustrate the way in which zooappellatives (animal names) relate to the reality of the human world. The most extensive part of the thesis is based mainly on an analysis of Czech dictionary material (etymological, reference, synonym and phraseological dictionaries), as well as comparing the scientific (biological) classification of animals to the categorization in natural language. In regard to the category ANIMAL, the thesis establishes four basic domains constituting the category's conceptual model (framework): "the place where the animal lives", "physical traits", "the animal's behaviour" and "relation to man". The thesis also includes questionnaire-based research that focuses on analysing the way in which speakers of the Czech language understand the category ANIMAL, and attempts to determine whether they regard some animals as more protypical than others.
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Breathing and respiration as the source domain of conceptual metaphors in Czech
Bulak, Patrik ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the semantic sphere of breathing and respiration. It is based on theories and methods of cognitive-cultural approach to language. The first chapter concerns the conceptual metaphor theory, metonymy cognitive concepts and the metaphor combined with metonymy (the metaphtonymy). The next chapter brings examined semantic sphere based on data from interpretation, etymological dictionaries etc. The attention is drawn in particular on metaphor and metonymy, to which the data refer. The third chapter deals with the physical experience of breathing in its entirety (sensory perception of breathing and experiencing of own respiration). There is also outlined, how this experience base is projected into the language. The crucial chapter of the thesis presents the classification of the collected material of language: it shows which target domains are related to source domain of breathing and respiration on the metaphorical expressions excerpted from phraseological dictionaries in the form of idioms. Research has shown that the breathing and respiration in the source domain are used primarily metonymically. Then it is possible to distinguish the metaphors from metonymy (metaphtonymies) and the "pure" metaphors (personifications). Based on the data interpretation there are at the end...
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Concept of the four seasons in Czech language
Pevná, Lucie ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The diploma thesis explores the four seasons from the view point of the linguistic picture of the world theory. The etholinguistic approach is applied in the thesis - attention is paid to the Czech-specific perception of reality especially focused on the weather and the changes of the nature in the course of the four seasons. Human perception of the change is based upon the senses - the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and touch and the eyesight. Each season is unique. The seasons can be differentiated by their season specific stereotypes, season prototypes, and connotations. On the linguistic pictures of each season collocations are built, from which new lexical items originate, describing the season as such. Due to anthropocentrism we perceive individual astronomical and meteorological issues as personified items to which we ascribe human behaviour and human qualities. The motto of the thesis says: "I will not do the spring sowing next year. " The motto denotes the interaction of two conceptual schemata (the scheme of a cycle and the scheme of a journey) realizing the fact that the natural cycle corresponds in our mental representation with the phases of human life. The difference between the concepts is that man always reaches the terminal point of his journey unlike the nature constantly...
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Linguistic aspects of translating informal/slang expressions in American TV series subtitles
Vaňková, Marie ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Gráf, Tomáš (referee)
The present study treats the problem of translating American slang and informal vocabulary into Czech. Its aim is to explain why this kind of vocabulary can be difficult to translate and to compare two different approaches to the task. It works with material excerpted from the subtitles of an American TV series, the official and the unofficial version of its translation. The experimental part brings information on the incidence of different types of mistakes and it identifies the main tendencies of the translators in dealing with various problems. The final part characterizes the strategies of individual translators, commenting on their strong and weak points.
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